Knowledge of the orthographic block of Russian language Unified State Exam. Difficulties and solutions
Abstract. The article examines the structural features of the orthographic block of the Unified State Exam in Russian Language, which determine the specifics of the knowledge and skills being tested. It is shown that this block covers a wide range of orthograms that require a comprehensive application of morphemic, morphological and syntactic analysis. Based on the analysis of the results of assignments completed by graduates for recent years, the most typical difficulties have been identified: insufficient formation of orthographic vigilance, difficulties in identifying morphemes, substitution of conditions for a specific choice of writing with outwardly similar rules, the influence of oral speech and orthographic variability. The results of systematization of these errors are presented and their main reasons are determined. The practical part of this article describes methodological strategies that contribute to increasing the success of completing the orthographic block: algorithmization of actions, regular vocabulary work, training in conditions close to exam ones, methods of etymological analysis and interdisciplinary integration. It is emphasized that their comprehensive application ensures qualitatively stable formation of correct writing skills and contributes to the increase of the final points of the Unified State Exam. The results of the study can be used by teachers of literature, methodologists and developers of educational materials while preparing schoolchildren for the exam. Additional attention is paid to the search of effective tools for differentiated training of students.